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Improving the efficiency of exploitation and management of tourism in national parks

In the orientation of ecotourism development in Vietnam, national parks (NPs) with special flora and fauna are considered as precious special resources. However, the exploitation and management of tourism in the national park has many limitations, requiring immediate measures to reduce the negative impact on the environment, ensuring sustainable development.
Improving the efficiency of exploitation and management of tourism in national parks

Traffic congestion on the way to Cuc Phuong National Park last 30-4 holidays and 1-5

Vietnam has 32 National Parks, including 11 national parks in the north, 12 National Parks in the Central and Central Highlands, nine National Parks in the south. Organization for management boards of the NP helps effectively implement important tasks: Protect and restore forests together with natural resources, natural heritage, historical culture; for scientific research and experimentation; To propagate and educate the forest protection and forestry profession; It also contributes to the livelihoods of people living in the buffer zone according to the objectives of conservation and sustainable development. But the total area of the National Park in our country is only 3% of the area compared to the average of 6% of the world, so the park needs protection and exploitation in the right direction.

In recent years, more and more tourists are interested in exploring and reaching the National Parks, creating a pressure on ecosystems and the environment. Not to mention the impact from the tourism infrastructure projects implemented in many national parks and nature reserves. Recently, in the proposal on management of tourists visiting the national park of TransViet Company, some negative activities of visitors to Cuc Phuong forest has caused many people, especially professionals urgent.

That is a situation where visitors gather to set fire to the camp, drink and scream, organize a noisy karaoke, motorbite race ... make wild animals panic, natural plants trampled, hidden danger of forest fire. Clearly, if there are no good solutions to manage tourism here, such actions sooner or later will seriously damage the natural ecological balance in the national parks.

According to experts, the NP can not be the place to develop tourism bluff with the criteria as many visitors as possible. National Park Tourism is not for everyone but only for those who are interested in and interested in the forest from the perspective of knowledge and conservation. These must be true eco-tourists who are well aware of their responsibility for the environment; At the same time, they are willing to pay more for cleaning services, security, road maintenance, internal garden traffic even more simple services.

At the seminar "Nature Reservation before the wave of tourism development in Vietnam" organized by theCenter forPeople and Nature in collaboration with the Journal of Forest Protection and Environment held not long ago, Prof. Dr.Nguyen Ngoc Lung, director of the Institute for Sustainable Forest Management and Forest Certification affirmed: Conservation of natural resources is to serve the people, thus tourismdevelopment is a reasonable trend. However, in the process of exploiting natural resources for tourism, it is necessary to put the conservation benefits above the economic benefits and rationally calculate the load capacity of each national park or nature reservation in a responsible manner in order for sustainable development. To do this, it depends not only on the competent authorities, managers but also on the consciousness of tourists.

Recently, Cuc Phuong National Park has been surveyed to raise public awareness of forest protection, in Viet Nam; The contingent of TransViet travel agents has proposed specific recommendations related to the three major problems in the Cuc Phuong National Park: flooded wastes, burning fire and traffic jams.

Specifically, for waste disposal, the management board of the NPs should place more trashes, refuse points, regular cleanup on peak days, holiday surcharges or fares increase to budget in waste disposal. With regard to the management of fire, the NPs should strictly prohibit the burning of fire in an unauthorized area, building barbecue facilities to ensure safety, professional fire fighting equipment, having staffs to check,control the fire, charge people who want to set fire in this area.

Relating to traffic handling, especially during the holidays, Tet when the number of passengers overload, it is necessary to completely ban motorcycles and small cars from entering the forest, expand the parking area at the forest door; delegation-carrying cars (from 24 seats or more) are allowed to enter the park, but each entry must be registered; open some forest walkways parallel to the road, linking the stations; Do not make concrete roads but just clear and flatten for ease of travel, environmental friendly materials can be used. These recommendations are drawn from the experience of visiting more than 20 national parks in four continents in the world and observing from trips to 14 of 32 national parks in Vietnam as well as by studying scientific documents and general  information of TransViet company.

According to Dr.Pham Hong Long, Dean of Tourism Falcuty, University of Social Sciences and Humanities (National University of Hanoi), to improve the effectiveness of tourism management in national parks, it is also important to improve quality and create a working environment for human resources for ecotourism in the NP to professionalize activities, contributing to propaganda ofenvironmental awareness, natural landscape conservation. In addition, there should be policies and regulations for tourism business organizations to ensure a material benefit sharing for local communities, nature conservation and environmental protection, where these organizations exploit tourism development.

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